ANN ARBOR, Mich. - TelAve -- The Shudokan Martial Arts Association (SMAA) is examining the origins of the modern belt and rank system in Japanese martial arts, and how organizations today certify rank across multiple traditions.

Contrary to popular belief, the kyu/dan belt system did not originate with the samurai. Classical koryu bujutsu, practiced before 1868, relied on menkyo, or teaching licenses, typically limited to three to five levels. The kyu/dan structure familiar today was created by the founder of judo in the late 1800s.

Key Points on the History of Rank

• Menkyo predates the belt system: Classical martial traditions issued teaching licenses with only a handful of levels.
• Kano Jigoro introduced the modern kyu/dan ranking structure: The kyu/dan structure, with as many as ten kyu and ten dan levels, was developed by a member of the merchant class after the end of the samurai era.
• Multi-discipline groups need a shared standard: As martial arts spread across styles and countries, a consistent, well-understood ranking structure became more practical than maintaining separate systems for each tradition.
• Associations rank within their own organization: A martial arts industry association can certify a member's rank within its own division, but rank within a specific ryu can only be granted by that tradition's current headmaster.
• Rank reflects documented training and evaluated proficiency: Certification through an association is based on documented years of training, technical proficiency, and knowledge specific to the martial art studied.

SMAA continues to serve as a martial arts industry association (https://www.smaa-hq.com/about), offering standardized, division-specific ranks to members practicing a range of traditional Japanese martial arts.

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Explore Traditional Budo Through a Martial Arts Association

SMAA encourages practitioners and instructors interested in the history of rank and certification to explore membership.

As a martial arts industry association (https://www.smaa-hq.com/about) with members in the United States, Japan, Canada, England, Australia, and beyond, SMAA offers internationally recognized ranking, the quarterly SMAA Journal, seminars, and a worldwide community dedicated to authentic budo.

Read our latest article to learn more (https://www.smaa-hq.com/articles/article/why-ma...), or contact us (https://www.smaa-hq.com/contact) with questions.

About the Shudokan Martial Arts Association

SMAA is a globally recognized martial arts industry association (https://www.smaa-hq.com/about).

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It was founded in January 1994 by a group of martial artists dedicated to preserving and promoting Nihon budo and koryu bujutsu—the traditional martial arts and ways of Japan. Through educational resources, publications, seminars, and international membership, SMAA supports the continued study of authentic Japanese martial traditions.